Design Principles
Balance, pattern, contrast in art and design
Principles of Design
Design principles help artists create effective artwork. Balance means visual weight is evenly distributed. Pattern is repeated elements. Contrast means using differences (light/dark, big/small) to create interest. These principles apply to all visual art, fashion, architecture and graphic design.
Example
Design Principles in Action
Balance: a face has symmetrical balance (same on both sides)
Pattern: repeating shapes in Ndebele wall paintings
Contrast: black text on white paper (easy to read)
Emphasis: making one element stand out (bigger, brighter)
Unity: all parts look like they belong together
Look for these principles in advertisements, logos and architecture!
Note
Remember
Good design uses principles to communicate effectively. Think about logos you recognise — they use simple shapes, strong colours and clear contrast. SA graphic designers create beautiful work for brands, publications and social causes.
Key Vocabulary
BalanceEven distribution of visual weight in an artwork
PatternElements repeated in a regular arrangement
ContrastBig differences between elements (light vs dark)
DesignPlanning the arrangement of elements for a purpose
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