Electrical Systems
Simple circuits, switches and conductors
Simple Electrical Circuits
An electrical circuit is a complete path that electricity flows through. It needs: a power source (battery), conductors (wires), and a load (bulb or motor). If the circuit is broken (open), electricity cannot flow and the load stops working.
Example
Build a Simple Circuit
Connect: battery (+) → wire → switch → wire → bulb → wire → battery (−)
Switch CLOSED: circuit complete → bulb lights up
Switch OPEN: circuit broken → bulb is off
Add a second bulb: both are dimmer because they share the energy.
Note
Remember
Conductors (metals like copper) let electricity flow through them. Insulators (plastic, rubber, wood) block electricity. Switches control the flow of electricity. NEVER experiment with mains electricity — only use batteries!
Key Vocabulary
CircuitA complete loop that electricity flows through
ConductorA material that lets electricity pass through easily
InsulatorA material that blocks the flow of electricity
SwitchA device that opens or closes a circuit
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