DeafEd SA

Economic Systems

Capitalism, socialism and mixed economies

Types of Economic Systems

Countries organise their economies differently. Capitalism (free market): private ownership, profit motive, competition. Socialism/Communism: state ownership, planned economy, equal distribution. Mixed economy: combination of both (most countries today, including SA). Each has advantages and disadvantages.
Example

Comparing Systems

Capitalism (USA, UK): private businesses, competition, inequality possible Socialism (Cuba, North Korea): government controls economy, less inequality but less freedom Mixed (SA, most countries): private business + government services/regulation SA's Constitution allows: private property AND government intervention to address inequality SA has: private companies + state enterprises (Eskom, Transnet) + social grants
Note

Remember

No system is perfect. Pure capitalism can create extreme inequality. Pure communism has led to authoritarian governments. SA's mixed economy aims to balance freedom with fairness — private enterprise drives growth while government addresses social needs through tax and spending.

Key Vocabulary

CapitalismEconomic system based on private ownership and profit
SocialismEconomic system where the state controls major industries
Mixed economyAn economy combining private enterprise with government intervention
Free marketWhere prices and production are determined by supply and demand

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Capitalism
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