Organic Chemistry
Naming, functional groups, reactions of organic molecules
Organic Chemistry
Organic chemistry studies carbon-containing compounds. Key functional groups: alkanes (C-C), alkenes (C=C), alcohols (-OH), carboxylic acids (-COOH), esters (-COO-), amines (-NH2). IUPAC naming: longest chain, number from nearest functional group, name substituents, add suffix.
Example
Naming and Reactions
CH3CH2OH: 2 carbons (eth-) + alcohol (-ol) = ethanol. CH3COOH: ethanoic acid. Esterification: ethanol + ethanoic acid -> ethyl ethanoate + water. Addition reactions in alkenes; substitution in alkanes.
Note
Exam Tip
Learn homologous series, general formulae, and functional groups thoroughly. Practise structural, condensed structural, and molecular formulae. Understand addition, elimination, substitution, and esterification reactions.
Key Vocabulary
Functional groupAn atom or group that determines the chemical properties of an organic molecule
Homologous seriesA family of organic compounds with the same functional group and general formula
IUPAC namingThe standardised system for naming chemical compounds
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Functional group
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